Earth's Magnetic Field Fluctuations: The K-index and Kp-index
The K-index: Measuring Horizontal Magnetic Disturbances
The K-index is a measure of disturbances in the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field. It is quantified using an integer scale ranging from 0 to 9, with 1 indicating calm conditions and 5 or higher signaling significant disturbances.
Kp-index: A Planetary Geomagnetic Disturbance Index
The Kp-index is a related measure that provides a global representation of geomagnetic disturbances. It ranges from 0 to 9, with 0 representing minimal activity and 9 indicating extreme geomagnetic activity.
Ap Index: The Running Average of Geomagnetic Disturbances
The Ap index is an eight-point running average of successive three-hour ap values. It represents the earliest occurring maximum 24-hour value of these averages, providing insights into the persistence and magnitude of geomagnetic disturbances.
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